Eye Surgery for Glaucoma: A Guide to Glaucoma Treatment

Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide, affecting millions of people, especially those over the age of 40. It is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, typically due to elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). While early stages can often be managed with medication and laser therapy, advanced or progressive glaucoma may require surgical intervention to preserve vision.

Understanding Glaucoma

Glaucoma is often called the "silent thief of sight" because it develops gradually and painlessly, with many patients unaware of vision loss until it reaches a more advanced stage. The two most common types are:

• Open-Angle Glaucoma: The most prevalent form, where the drainage angle in the eye remains open but the trabecular meshwork becomes less efficient over time, leading to increased IOP.
• Angle-Closure Glaucoma: A less common but more urgent form, where the drainage angle becomes blocked, causing a sudden rise in eye pressure.

Other types include normal-tension glaucoma, congenital glaucoma, and secondary glaucoma resulting from other eye conditions or injuries.

When is Surgery Needed for Glaucoma?

Surgery is recommended when medications and laser treatments fail to control eye pressure effectively or if the disease is progressing despite other treatments. The goal of surgery is to lower IOP and prevent further damage to the optic nerve.

Types of Glaucoma Surgery

• Trabeculectomy: This is the most common glaucoma surgery. It involves creating a new drainage channel to allow fluid to escape the eye more easily, reducing pressure.
• Glaucoma Drainage Devices (Tube Shunts): A small tube is implanted in the eye to help drain fluid when trabeculectomy is not suitable or has failed.
• Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery (MIGS): A newer approach offering faster recovery and fewer complications, MIGS procedures use microscopic-sized equipment to improve fluid drainage with minimal disruption to eye tissues.
• Laser Surgery (Cyclophotocoagulation): This procedure uses a laser to treat the eye's ciliary body, reducing fluid production and lowering eye pressure.

What to Expect After Glaucoma Surgery

Post-surgical recovery varies depending on the procedure. Most patients may experience mild discomfort, redness, or blurred vision for a few days. Regular follow-ups are necessary to monitor eye pressure and healing. Eye drops and medications may still be needed even after surgery to maintain optimal pressure.

Risks and Benefits of Glaucoma Surgery

Surgery carries certain risks such as infection, bleeding, scarring, or changes in vision. However, when performed by experienced ophthalmic surgeons, the benefits of stabilizing or slowing the progression of vision loss far outweigh the potential risks for most patients.

Trust Abate Eye Hospital for Expert Glaucoma Care

At Abate Eye Hospital in Kerala, advanced diagnostic tools and a team of skilled glaucoma specialists ensure accurate evaluation and treatment planning. We offer a full range of surgical options tailored to each patient's condition and lifestyle, from traditional procedures to minimally invasive techniques. Our priority is preserving your vision and enhancing your quality of life through safe, effective eye care. 

Conclusion

Glaucoma surgery is a vital option for patients whose eye pressure cannot be managed by other treatments. Early detection, regular monitoring, and timely surgical intervention are crucial in preventing significant vision loss. If you or a loved one are experiencing signs of glaucoma or are already under treatment, consult with a trusted eye specialist to explore the best surgical options tailored to your needs.